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Objective@#To evaluated the application of General Provisions of Safety and Health for Writing Boards(GB 28231-2011), and to provide basis for the revision and improvement of the standard.@*Methods@#From June to October 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 852 people engaged in the evaluation, use and production of writing boards in 8 districts of Beijing, Liaoning and Jiangsu. The contents of the survey include the awareness, implementation of the standard and evaluating the use of various parameters in the standard by personnel from different institutions.@*Results@#The overall awareness ratio of the standard among staffs from health, education and enter prise was 78.26%. For the nominal size of the writing board and the vertical distance between the lower edge and the platform, the reasonableness considered lower by health professionals(62.50%, 37.50%) than that of education professionals(90.00%, 90.00%) and enterprise staffs(90.00%, 90.00%)(P<0.05); For the frequency and reasonableness of the nine parameters such as gloss and adhesion, the perception of each institution were significantly different(P<0.05), with proportion of professionals in health lower than experts in education and enterprise. For the two parameters of color and light resistance, each institution considered the maneuverability was not strong(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Propagation and implement is still needed to strengthen comprehension, because different institutions have different understandings towards the standard. There are still some problems waiting to be solved, such as different standard limits, poor enforceability of two parameters which are writing board color and light resistance.
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Objective To assess the application value of trans-vaginal ultrasound and real-time sono-elastography in assessing the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women. Methods A total of 108 pregnant women who received prenatal examination at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January to November 2017 were included. Based on the presence of threatened premature or preterm labor or not, they were divided into a study group (n=29, with threatened premature or preterm labor) and a control group (n=79, with no threatened premature or preterm labor). Cervical length (CL) was measured by trans-vaginal ultrasound, and the following three cervical elasticity indexes were obtained by sono-elastography: the entire cervical strain rate (CS), the internal cervical os strain rate (IS), and external cervical os strain rate (ES). Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the difference in the above indexes between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the value of the above indexes in predicting the risk of preterm birth.Results CL was significantly lower[(2.94±0.66)cm vs(3.91±0.71)cm]and IS was significantly higher [(0.53±0.28)% vs (0.47±0.20)%] in the study group than in the control group (t=6.436, 3.406,both P<0.05).CS and ES in the study group were higher than those in the control group[(0.40±0.30)% vs (0.24±0.19)%,(0.74±0.39)% vs(0.73±0.37)%],but the differences were not statistically significant(t=1.365, 0.207, both P>0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that CL, CS, IS, and ES performed differently in assessing the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women [area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.156, 0.558, 0.689, 0.499]. The AUCs of CS and IS were greater than 0.50, and the AUC of IS was larger than those of other indexes. Using 0.30% as a cut-off for IS, its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 66.7%, 79.3%, 71.1%, 55.4%, and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusions Cervical tissue elasticity indexes obtained by sono-elastography can be used to assess pregnant women at different gestational ages and predict the risk of preterm birth feasibly. IS is more useful than other indexes in predicting early or asymptomatic preterm birth.
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Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of the three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound volume technology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods Totally 75 patients with PCOS and 50 normal subjects as controls from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were chosed. The volume of the endometrium and ovaries were measured with virtual organ computer-aided analysis techniques (VOCAL). While the follicular numbers and the volumes were measured by sono follicle technique. The ovarian volumes, the follicular volumes and the endometrial volumes were compared between the two groups. Independent samplest test was used to compare PCOS group patients and healthy subjects with endometrial volumes, ovarian volumes, follicle volumes and the average numbers of follicle. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of total follicles and the volume of ovary, follicle volume and serum sex hormone concentration in PCOS group.Results With the endometrial volume of PCOS patients about (1.6±0.9) cm3 was less than that of the control group [(3.1±1.7) cm3]. The ovarian volume, follicular volume and the average number of follicles were (13.6±4.6) cm3, (1.9±0.7) cm3 and (27.7±7.4). All of them were higher than those in healthy subjects [(7.4±2.9) cm3, (1.1±0.7) cm3, (8.4±3.4)], and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.013, P<0.001;t=8.087,P=0.015;t=7.222,P<0.001;t=15.637,P<0.001). The total number of follicles in PCOS patients were positively correlated with ovarian volume, follicle volume and serum testosterone concentrations (r=0.467,P=0.000;r=0.446,P=0.000;r=0.383,P=0.001). There was no correlation with luteinizing hormone (LH)/thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (r=0.048,P=0.702).Conclusion The sono follicle and VOCAL technology provide a new and objective measurement method for PCOS diagnosis.
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Objective To discuss the possible reasons of contrast agent reflux during transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy),and in order to provide scientific evidences for reducing the contrast agent reflux.Methods The sonographic features of contrast reflux were observed in the images of 167 infertile patients who underwent TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy, and the association of the incidence rate of the reflux with tubal patency,the types of infertility,endometrial thickness,menstrual clean days,abnormal uterine cavity,the history of intrauterine operations,pelvic operations and ectopic pregnancies were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of the reflux during TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy was 41 .3%.The incidence rates of reflux in unilateral patency and bilateral obstruction were 4.929 and 9.21 5 times of that of bilateral patency respectively.The incidence rate of reflux in the secondary infertility cases was significantly higher than that of primary ones(P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the reflux is associated with the tubal patency,the endometrial thickness and the history of intrauterine operations,and none of the other factors.Conclusions TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy could differentiate the images of reflux better;the proper timing of the contrast examination and avoiding the damage of endometrium would reduce the incidence of the reflux.
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Objective To investigate the serum CEA,CA199,CA242,CA724,AFP levels as tumor markers for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.Methods The serum concentrations of CEA,CA199,CA724,AFP were detected in 108 patients with gastric cancer by ECLIA (electrochemiluminescence immunoassay) method.CA242 by ELISA method.The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method,Cox' s proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis of prognosis.Results Using healthy subjects group as control,the ROC-AUC of CEA,CA199,CA242,CA724 were 0.735,0.714,0.598,0.576.The sensitivity,specificity and Youden index were 40.2 ％,97.7 ％,0.379; 43.0 ％,91.3 ％,0.343;35.2 ％,94.8 ％,0.300 and 31.3 ％,95.3 ％,0.266,respectively.For combined detection of CEA,CA199,CA242,CA724,the sensitivity,specificity and Youden Index were 76.8 ％,82.3 ％,0.585.The levels of CEA,CA724 were closely related to lymph node status (both P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of CEA,CA199,CA242 were significantly related to vascular embolization,distant metastases and ascites (all P ＜ 0.05).The patients of lump and catheter had significantly higher of AFP compared with patients of invasion and anabrosis (P ＜ 0.05).In gastric cancer patients,the size of the primary tumors was closely related to the preoperative serum levels of CEA,AFP,CA724 (P ＜ 0.05).During follow-up,there were 34 cases of death in 59 patients,and the median survival time were 18.1,10.9 months for the patients with CEA negative and positive (P ＜ 0.005).Conclusions Combing detection of CEA,CA199,CA242,CA72 can improve sensitivity of gastric cancer,and play an important role in forecasting the recurrence,metastasis,curing and prognosis evaluation.CEA is an important predictor of recurrence and prognosis of gastric cancer.